royal botanic gardens indigenous tour

Useful Information

Event dates.

$40 Adult $34 Conc $20 Child (12 -17 years old)

Meet at the Visitor Centre, Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne

Session Times

Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Saturday and Sunday 11am

Aboriginal Heritage Walk

Womin Djeka! Journey into Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne, a significant cultural site for the local Kulin Nation, with a First Peoples guide. 

Gain insight into the rich history and thriving culture of the First Peoples of Australia through a journey of identifying significant native plants within the Gardens. Learn about Aboriginal plant uses, customs and ongoing connection to Country.

For private group bookings, please call 03 9252 2429 or email [email protected].

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Aboriginal Tours in Sydney: Explore Indigenous Culture

By joining one of these Aboriginal tours in Sydney, you will have the opportunity to learn more about the rich culture of the First Australians. Many people consider Australia to have a very short history; however, Aboriginal Australian’s have occupied this land for over 60,000 years. Their history is rich with art and stories that are inspiring and interesting.

At the time of European settlement, Aboriginal people had been living in the Sydney region for at least 40,000 years and possibly much longer, so while our city might be young, the history of its first people is not. If you want to learn more about Australia’s indigenous culture on your visit to Sydney, there are plenty of options. While many people think the best place to find out about Aboriginal culture is in outback Australia, you can learn much about indigenous Australia from these experiences in Sydney.

Related: Get the answers to six of the most commonly asked questions about Aboriginal Sydney.

Royal Botanic Gardens Aboriginal Experiences

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First Australians – Guided Tours & Self Guided Tours

There are a handful of guided tours and self guided experiences that will help you get an beginner’s understanding of Australia’s indigenous culture in just a couple of hours. I have taken all of these tours and learnt something from each one.

Take a walk through the Cadi Jam Ora Gardens which display the plants used for food and medicine by the Cadigal people, the first inhabitants of this part of Sydney. Walk the 50-metre long Gadigal storyline with interpretation panels that note historical incidences and are very informative.

There is a native shelter, some beautiful grass trees and plenty of signs and labels. It’s a great spot to explore, but if you have some extra time, the tours offered will help you better understand Aboriginal culture.

Along with the self guided experiences there are two guided tours offered:

On an Aboriginal Heritage tour you explore the captivating beauty and history of Sydney Harbour from the perspective of the local Gadigal people. Your guide is a member of the First Nations community.

They share stories of the Gadigal way of life, traditions, and give you an insight into their profound connection to this land and their community. It’s a chance for you to see Sydney Harbour in a whole new light, through the eyes of its original custodians.

These one hour tours are offered Thursday-Saturday from 1-2pm and depart from the visitors centre.

If you are keen to learn more about Indigenous bush foods this is a great choice. Discover how these foods were not only traditionally used but also adapted for modern culinary experiences.

During this one-hour tour, you explore the Cadi Jam Ora garden and delve into some of the trendiest bush foods currently making waves in the culinary world. Plus, you’ll have the chance to savor some delicious treats along the way!

These one hour tours are offered Thursday-Saturday from 11am -12pm and depart from the visitors centre.

Bookings are essential for these tours. Visit the  Royal Botanic Gardens  for more details.

When: Every Thursday, Friday and Saturday 11am (Food) 1pm (Heritage) Where: Both tours starts from the Gardens Gift Shop

The Yiribana Gallery at the Art Gallery of NSW is home to the largest permanent collection of Indigenous Australian art in Australia, and amazingly entry is free!

The collection includes both traditional and contemporary works by aboriginal artists and features bark painting, sculpture, weaving, prints, photography and watercolours.

Free tours depart from the Entry Pavilion on the ground level of the North Building.

When: Free guided tours of the Aboriginal collection at 11am daily. Where: Art Gallery Road, The Domain More: Visit the Art Gallery of NSW  for more details.

If you are interested in the culture and history of the first Australians, then this museum is worth a visit. There is a good range of interactive exhibits that are suitable for both adults and children. Listen to dream time stories, learn about the Stolen Generation, view a collection of boomerangs, didgeridoos, and other artefacts.

The exhibit includes the problems aboriginal communities face both in the past and today, something which most Australians don’t talk about. Their website is a background for learning more about indigenous culture.

When: 10am to 5pm every day except 25 December Where: Corner of College Street and William Street Sydney – opposite Hyde Park More: Visit the Australian Museum  website

A visit to Bundeena will get you out of the CBD and down to the city’s southern beaches. Bundeena sits on Dharawal country and the area features rock art sites along a spectacular coastline.

Follow a 5km self guided tour created by Sydney Coast Walks is relatively flat. Allow 3 hours to complete the walk.

When:  This is a self guided experience Where: Board the Bundeena ferry at Cronulla Station

I recently joined this 90-minute tour owned and managed by Aboriginal woman Margret Campbell and was lucky enough to have Margaret as my guide.

After a long career in education Margaret started Dreamtime Southern X in 2007 with a goal of sharing her cultural knowledge with visitors to Sydney and school and education groups.

On my recent tour Margaret took us on a leisurely stroll through The Rocks, sharing knowledge of the Gadigal people and their deep connection to Sydney Harbour.

We heard about a some of the beliefs of the Gadigal and the similarities and differences to our own. We learnt about saltwater heritage, the ways they use the land and water, and their spiritual bond with the neighboring waterways and shores.

I have done at least half a dozen first nations tours in NSW and always find I learn something new. This was no exception. Margaret is an engaging guide and she trains all the staff so I am sure which ever guide you get on your tour will also have wonderful stories to share.

When : 10.30am – 12 noon daily (except Christmas Day and Good Friday) Where: Cadman’s Cottage 110 George Street, The Rocks.

Barangaroo’s Aboriginal Cultural Tours offer a unique opportunity to explore the rich native history of Warrane (Sydney Harbour) and the deep significance of the land to Australia’s Aboriginal heritage, particularly to the clans of the Eora Nation.

Led by a team of knowledgeable Aboriginal educators, these tours provide an immersive experience that spans the expansive six-hectare headland of Barangaroo Reserve, where you can discover the beauty of the 75,000 native Australian trees and shrubs that grace the Reserve.

What sets Barangaroo apart from some of the locations above is that it is the only public space in Sydney with such an extensive collection of native flora, making it a must-visit destination for gardening and nature enthusiasts.

I have yet to take this tour but hope to soon!

When : 10.30am Monday to Saturday Where: Starts at The Cutaway Barangaroo

Aboriginal Experiences in Sydney

Taronga’s Nura Diya Australia” offers you a chance to encounter iconic Australian animals such as kangaroos, koalas, and dingoes. This immersive experience showcases eight native species in habitats like Kangaroo Country and Koala Country.

Nura Diya,” meaning ‘This Country’ the language of the Gadigal people

Beyond meeting the wildlife you also have the opportunity to learn more about First Nations culture and their use of the land.

The newest attraction at the zoo, nguwing nura , an immersive nocturnal experience where visitors can encounter rare Australian wildlife, like the Greater Bilby and Yellow-bellied Glider.

This 100-metre long attraction showcases around 230 animals from 12 native nocturnal species. The experience, which translates to ‘Night Country’ in Sydney’s First Language, offers a unique insight into Australian wildlife that’s typically active after sundown. It also emphasises the deep connection between First Nations cultures and the land.

The exhibition includes a captivating artwork by renowned First Nations artist Jacob Nash and a tranquil soundscape for a sensory journey. Nguwing nura is part of the larger Nura Diya Australia Experience , housing 23 distinct Australian species.

When: Open every day – self guided Where: Taronga Zoo

There are several examples of rock carvings in the national parks around Sydney.

Berry Island Reserve

You will find Berry Island Reserve less than 20 minutes from the city centre and easily reached by public transport. Take the signposted walk along the Gadyan Track and learn the story of the Cammeraigal, who used the area as a campsite.

Jibbon Point

Another site that can be reached by public transport is the  Royal National Park  at Bundeena. To get to the park, catch the train to Cronulla and ferry to Bundeena. The best examples are at Jibbon Headland, take the walking track from Bundeena to Marley Head. There are signs with descriptions, and among the engravings are boomerangs, sharks, fish and whales.

If you have a car, there are some incredible engravings at West Head in Kuringai National Park. The Basin Engraving Site and The Elvina Engraving Site – are located off West Head Road between Elvina Nature Trail and West Head are all easily accessible and well signposted.

When:  Any nice sunny day Where: Berry Island is closest to the city, Bundeena is a train and ferry ride south, The Basin needs a car in my opinion.

The Bangarra Dance Theatre  is a National Indigenous Performing Arts company that uses modern dance to tell the stories of their ancestors. The company has had very successful tours to the USA and the UK and are world-class performers.

When:  Season runs June to December Where: 15 Hickson Road, Walsh Bay

For more ideas check out Welcome to Country which has a huge database of experiences across the country.

Have questions about things to see and do in Sydney? Head over and join our Facebook Group and we will be happy to help .

Paula Morgan

4 thoughts on “aboriginal tours in sydney: explore indigenous culture”.

What fascinating tours – would love to do some of these. What a history.

This is a great round-up of the options to get an experience of Indigenous culture and history in Sydney.

Thanks 🙂 I hope you get to try them out one day!

I would like my Museum Gallery to be considered for your List.

The Unique features of Ultimate Art Four Seasons : –

Collaboration is a important different between Ultimate Art Gallery and other Major Galleries within Sydney. The theme is also reflected in the Sculptures which reside on level 3 this theme continues in the contemporary sections with the “Art in the Family” exhibition.

The last exhibition we had two Collaborative pieces as the centrally part of the Exhibition both Sold I know no other gallery has these Collaborative pieces

The other major point of difference between Ultimate Art and other Galleries is each sections theme is driven either by the Family’s or Category Theme

Wild Flowers Dreaming has only been exhibited in Melbourne in 1988 as part of the Emily “Earth’s Creation Series run by Lauraine Diggins Fine Art now will be exhibited at the Four Seasons

I offer Complementary Tours on a Daily basis see below

https://ultimateart.com.au/book-a-tour/

Also have been listed on Whatson

https://www.sydney.com/things-to-do/aboriginal-culture/museums-and-sites

Also I am in the rocks near some of the other top 10 attractions

Regards Tim 0435 844 347

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Connect to Sydney Harbour on one of these Aboriginal tours

For the people of the eora nation, their connection to this part of the land and sea runs deep – they have lived around the harbour for more than 60,000 years..

Destination NSW

These five Aboriginal-led tours share different aspects of why the land is so significant to culture and how the People of the Eora Nation live in harmony with it.

The Rocks Dreaming Tour – Dreamtime Southern X

The Illi Langi Rocks Aboriginal Dreaming Tour enables guests to “see the unseen through the saltwater environment – there is so much unseen information to do with our natural world here,” says Margret Campbell, owner of tour company Dreamtime Southern X. On a guided walk around The Rocks, you’ll learn about the Aboriginal People’s saltwater heritage and learn how they used the land and water and their spiritual connection to the foreshores. “Ancestorial custodians have created our world, have given us life,” says Campbell.

The tour runs every day and is also available for private groups.

Dreamtime Southern X , Sydney North

The Burrawa Climb – BridgeClimb

Whether you’ve climbed the Sydney Harbour Bridge or not, ascending the famous structure with an Aboriginal guide is a whole new experience with Burrawa . Look out across the harbour and over three hours, be immersed in the stories of the past and present – learn the origins of the place names, where contact between First Nations People and European settlers was made and understand why the land is so important. “Aboriginal culture is connected to the land that we stand on in Sydney,” says Matty Mills, an Aboriginal guide at BridgeClimb. “It’s really important for Aboriginal People to feel connected to the place they live, reside or travel to. It’s a part of who we are: we do not conquer the earth; we are part of the earth.”

The Burrawa Climb runs on the last Saturday of every month at 9:15am and 1:45pm.

BridgeClimb , Sydney

Cultural Cruise – Tribal Warrior

Get closer to the living culture of the Gadigal, Guringai, Gammeraigal, Wangal, Cammeraygal and Wallumedegal People by getting on the water. On the Tribal Warrior Cultural Cruise , you’ll head out on Mari Nawi (big canoe) and learn about life pre-colonisation, including traditional fishing methods and food gathering techniques. You’ll alight on Be-lang-le-wool (Clark Island; Tribal Warrior is the only commercial tour operator allowed on the harbour islands) and the experience can include a smoking ceremony, dance performance, Welcome to Country and didgeridoo playing. “The smoking ceremony is to cleanse not only ourselves, but the island we are visiting – to let the ancestors know that we are coming on these ancient islands to learn about the oldest living continuous culture on modern earth,” says Les McLeod, a guide at Tribal Warrior.

Enquire to book a tour.

Tribal Warrior Cultural Cruises , Clark Island

Aboriginal Harbour Heritage Tour – The Royal Botanic Garden Sydney

On the one-hour Aboriginal Harbour Heritage Tour , you’ll join a First Nations guide on a walk around Sydney Harbour foreshore, hearing stories of the Gadigal lifestyle, traditions, and connection to Country and community. “In our Aboriginal culture, our energy is one with everything; every living being is a part of us and we are a part of it. When you look out onto the harbour, you can feel that Gadigal connection,” says Kalkani Choolburra, guide at Royal Botanic Gardens. There is also an Aboriginal Cultural tour and Aboriginal Bush Tucker tou r available, in the latter, you’ll learn about how Indigenous bush foods were used traditionally and they have been adapted to the modern palate.

The Aboriginal Harbour Heritage Tour runs on Thursdays, Fridays and Saturdays. Bookings are required.

Aboriginal Harbour Heritage Tour , The Royal Botanic Garden

Aboriginal Cultural Tour – Barangaroo Reserve

Did you know the Barangaroo Reserve has 75,000 native Australian trees and shrubs, and was named after a Cammeraygal woman, a powerful leader of the Eora Nation at the time of European colonisation? Find out more about the flora of the reserve, as well as the significance of the land on an Aboriginal Cultural Tour . A team of Aboriginal educators will explain the importance of being able to connect to the land, even in an urban environment . “Aboriginal culture is not something you see in the museum, or you see in the past. It's all around us,” says Tim Gray, tour guide.

The tour runs from Monday – Saturday, at 10:30am and 12:30pm (on some days).

Aboriginal Cultural Tours , Barangaroo

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Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney: Aboriginal Heritage Tour

Gain an insight into the flora used by the world's oldest living culture

Time Out says

Stingless bee colonies, climbing Moreton Bay fig trees and juicy Davidson plums are just a few of the natural wonders you’ll see (and taste) on this tour of Sydney’s harbourside horticultural oasis. You’ll walk by some of Sydney’s most famous landmarks as you trail around the fringe of the city looking back out to the Opera House, Mrs Macquarie's Chair and the Harbour Bridge. This walk, however, focuses on the Indigenous history of the land, outlining the origins of Sydney from the perspective of the world’s oldest living culture. You’ll wander through Farm Cove and learn about how the Gadigal people lived and worked with the seasons before the area was colonised. Time Out visits on a sunny Thursday morning and our guide Henrietta Baird cheerfully imparts her knowledge of every plant, tree, flower and nut on the 1.5-hour tour.

While this is a tour of beauty, you’ll also gain insight to the practical uses the flora is put to by Gadigal people. Soft yellow banksias can be used for maintaining embers and as a painting tool; candlenuts can be soaked and eaten or used for their multi-purpose oil; paperbark is used for everything from wrapping food to swaddling babies; and those tall, thick Gymea lily stems were used to practice spearing, while the bases can be roasted and eaten. Seeing this ingenuity in action is impressive. You’ll also learn about the deep connection to seasonality – when wattles are in bloom you’ll know that whales are migrating, while stingless bee colonies act as natural barometer (when it’s below 14 degrees, they won’t be out). In a busy city, it’s a special reminder to slow down, observe nature and acknowledge our history.

Find more of the best tours in Sydney .

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Aboriginal Heritage Walk – Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne Gardens

Step into the ancient world of the Koolin nation as you wander through the Aboriginal Heritage Walk at Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne Gardens . Uncover the hidden stories intertwined with the flora and fauna of this sacred land, where every plant holds a tale waiting to be unveiled.

The experience offers a glimpse into a vibrant culture that has thrived for centuries, leaving visitors with a newfound appreciation for the interconnectedness of nature and humanity. Join the journey and let the whispers of history guide your footsteps through this enchanting landscape.

Just The Basics

• Immerse in Aboriginal traditions and heritage
• Gain insights into Indigenous culture and spiritual connections
• Participate in hands-on cultural activities and ceremonies
• Appreciate the deep-rooted relationship between the Koolin nation and the environment

Here's some more nearby activities we've reviewed

• Private Wilsons Promontory Hiking Tour From Melbourne
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Tour Highlights

Indulge in a captivating journey through the Aboriginal Heritage Walk at Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne Gardens , where ancient wisdom and natural beauty intertwine seamlessly. This tour highlights the deep-rooted Indigenous traditions and the profound connection to nature that the Koolin nation has cherished for centuries.

As visitors meander through the lush gardens, knowledgeable guides provide insights into the indigenous plants used for food and medicine, offering a glimpse into the rich cultural heritage of the land. The experience not only educates but also immerses guests in the spiritual essence of the surroundings, fostering a greater appreciation for the symbiotic relationship between the Aboriginal people and the natural world.

Nature connection is truly at the heart of this enlightening expedition.

Cultural Insights

As visitors wander through the Aboriginal Heritage Walk at Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne Gardens, they’re immersed in cultural insights that unravel the deep connections between the Koolin nation and the natural environment. Here are some key insights they might encounter:

Indigenous Traditions : Visitors learn about the rich cultural practices and customs of the Koolin people, passed down through generations.

Historical Knowledge : Guides share historical anecdotes and stories that shed light on the deep-rooted history of the land and its significance to the Aboriginal community.

Connection to Nature : Exploring the plants and landscapes, visitors gain an understanding of how the Koolin nation lived in harmony with the environment.

Spiritual Significance : Insights into the spiritual beliefs and connections to the land that are integral to the Aboriginal culture.

Inclusive Experience

How does the Aboriginal Heritage Walk at Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne Gardens ensure an inclusive experience for all participants? The walk fosters inclusivity by offering engaging activities that immerse participants in the rich tapestry of indigenous culture . Through interactive experiences, visitors of diverse backgrounds can connect with the traditions and history of the Koolin nation. This inclusive approach allows for a deeper understanding and appreciation of the land’s original custodians.

Meeting Point Details

To begin the exploration of the Aboriginal Heritage Walk at Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne Gardens, participants are directed to the meeting point located at 100 Birdwood Ave in Melbourne, VIC 3004 , Australia. Here are some essential details about the meeting point :

• Location : 100 Birdwood Ave, Melbourne VIC 3004 , Australia.
• Tour Start Time : 11:00 AM.
• Tour End Time : Returns to the meeting point.
• Cancellation Policy : Full refund available if canceled 24 hours in advance.

At this meeting point, visitors will embark on a journey delving into Indigenous history and the significance of local flora. It serves as the gateway to a profound experience, offering insights into the rich cultural heritage and natural wonders of the Koolin nation’s ancestral lands.

Traveler Recommendations

Visitors often highly recommend taking the time to thoroughly explore the stunning Botanic Gardens during the Aboriginal Heritage Walk at Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne Gardens tour. The gardens offer a serene backdrop for learning about the Koolin nation’s ancestral lands and indigenous plants.

Travelers also suggest enjoying local cuisine and traditional crafts to fully experience the Aboriginal culture. Sampling native ingredients like lemon myrtle in tea can be a delightful way to appreciate Aboriginal food traditions. Plus, exploring traditional crafts such as basket weaving or painting can provide insight into the rich artistic heritage of the indigenous communities.

These recommendations aim to enhance the overall experience and deepen your understanding of Aboriginal culture during the tour.

Reviews and Ratings

With an overall rating of 4.5 based on 117 reviews, the Aboriginal Heritage Walk at Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne Gardens offers a diverse range of experiences for travelers seeking an informative and thought-provoking tour. Visitor feedback highlights the educational and fun aspects of the tour, with many praising its informative and thought-provoking nature.

The rating breakdown includes:

• 5 stars: Travelers appreciate the depth of knowledge shared by the guides.
• 4 stars: Positive comments on the immersive experience and beautiful surroundings.
• 3 stars: Some feedback suggests areas for improvement in the tour logistics.
• 2 stars: Minimal feedback in this category, indicating overall satisfaction with the experience.

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Common questions

Are there any restrictions or limitations for participants on the aboriginal heritage walk.

For participant safety and to respect cultural protocols , the walk may have limitations like staying on designated paths, following guide instructions , and refraining from touching certain plants. Indigenous storytelling and plant identification are key aspects.

Can Visitors Interact With Any Indigenous Plants or Artifacts During the Tour?

Visitors on the tour can interact with indigenous plants and artifacts, experiencing firsthand the cultural significance and traditional techniques associated with them. This immersive experience offers insights into Indigenous customs and the importance of botanic specimens.

Is There Any Specific Attire or Footwear Recommended for the Walking Experience?

For the walking experience, they recommend comfortable attire suitable for outdoor activities. Sturdy, closed-toe footwear is advised for navigating various terrains. Ensuring proper clothing and shoes will enhance comfort and enjoyment during the tour.

Are There Opportunities for Photography or Recordings During the Tour?

During the tour, visitors have ample Photography opportunities to capture the beauty of the botanical surroundings. The guide provides guidance on Recording permissions for personal use, ensuring a memorable experience while respecting the cultural significance of the heritage walk.

How Long Is the Aboriginal Heritage Walk and Are There Restroom Facilities Along the Way?

The Aboriginal Heritage Walk typically spans 1.5 to 2 hours, providing an immersive experience. Restroom facilities are available at the meeting point. Visitors can enjoy the journey and learn about indigenous culture without concerns about restroom availability along the way.

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Don’t miss the chance to learn about the rich Aboriginal heritage of Australia on the Aboriginal Heritage Walk at Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne Gardens.

With a knowledgeable guide leading the way, you’ll gain deep insights into indigenous life, traditions, and plants while enjoying a truly immersive cultural experience.

From traditional uses of native plants to lemon myrtle tea tastings, this tour offers a blend of education and enjoyment that isn’t to be missed.

Honest tourism information about Australia

Aboriginal tours in Melbourne’s Royal Botanic Gardens

• David Whitley

It is possible to do an Aboriginal tour in Melbourne at the Royal Botanic Gardens. The Aboriginal Heritage Walks have Indigenous guides and concentrate on traditional uses of plants.

It is a mistake to think of Aboriginal Australia as being solely about remote Indigenous communities. Sure, there are hugely important rock art galleries in Kakadu National Park, and dot-painting workshops at Uluru , but there are hundreds of different Aboriginal language groups across Australia.

More Aboriginal Australians live in urban areas than the outback. Traditional culture tends to be more closely adhered to outside the cities, but it does exist in the likes of Sydney , Perth and Adelaide .

This also means Indigenous cultural experiences are available in cities too. It is possible, for example, to do an Aboriginal tour in Melbourne ’s Royal Botanic Gardens.

14 fantastic experiences that make the most of your free time in Melbourne

• Get the very best views – on a hot air balloon flight over the city.
• See the changing colours of the river – on a sunset kayaking tour – with dinner. (Highly recommended ✅ )
• Feast and see the sights at the same time – on a four course dinner cruise along the Yarra River.
• A genuinely excellent street art tour , led by prominent street artists. (Highly recommended ✅ )
• The also superb Aboriginal heritage, plants and bush food tour in the Botanic Gardens . (💲 Great value 💲)
• Best of Melbourne bike tour – you can see more on two wheels than walking.
• Hidden laneways bar crawl OR foodie discovery tour OR chocolate and dessert tour .
• Combo ticket for Australian Sports Museum and MCG tour.
• Hassle-dodging advance tickets for the Melbourne Skydeck , Melbourne Zoo , the Ice Bar (with cocktails) and Sea Life Aquarium .

Botanic Gardens Aboriginal tour in Melbourne

The Aboriginal Heritage Walk is led by an Indigenous guide, who starts with an Acknowledgement of Country . He then explains various aspects of Australian history and local Aboriginal culture. Given that this is taking place in a botanic gardens , however, there’s a fairly logical focus on native Australian plants. More specifically, the guide concentrates on the traditional uses for those plants.

This may involve crushing up lemon myrtle leaves and drinking them as part of an iced tea. It may involve using eucalypt leaves in a smoking ceremony – some Aboriginal groups believe that getting the smoke on their bodies will see them looked after by the spirits of the land.

Aboriginal uses for plants in Melbourne Botanic Gardens

The tour is absorbingly educational. The spiny-headed mat rush, for example, was something of a miracle plant. It’s incredibly strong if you pull it, so it would often be used as a bandage. But it was also used for weaving mats and baskets as well as making eel traps. And on hot days, it could be used to stop mouths drying out – chew it and it gets you salivating again.

Then there’s the foam bark tree, which would be used for fishing – but perhaps not in the way you’d expect. The bark would be placed in the water, and it would react by frothing up and deoxygenating the stream or lake. Fish would come up to the surface for oxygen, making them an easier catch.

👇 7 great day trips while you’re in Melbourne 👇

• Great Ocean Road tour – with koalas 🐨.
• Brighton Beach, Moonlit Sanctuary and Phillip Island tour – with penguins 🐧.
• Yarra Valley wine tour – with gin, cider and cheese 🍷.
• Grampians National Park tour – with bushwalks and LOADS of kangaroos 🦘.
• Mornington Peninsula tour – with hot springs bathing 🛀.
• Wilsons Promontory tour – with all manner of native wildlife 🦘🐨.
• Dandenong Ranges steam train ride – plus wildlife at Healesville Sanctuary and chocolate-tasting in the Yarra Valley.

Why not BROWSE THE BEST DEALS – with instant confirmation and hassle-free, mobile-friendly tickets?

Melbourne aboriginal tour: dreamtime stories.

The walk goes on to take in Dreamtime stories and the uses of boomerangs. Not all of them come back – just the ones designed to get birds flying, thus making them an easier target for non-returning, heavier boomerangs.

The tours start at the Melbourne Gardens Visitor Centre, require advance booking and last around 90 minutes. Adult tickets for this Aboriginal tour in Melbourne cost $40. It is one of the best outdoor activities in Melbourne , and one of Melbourne’s best walking tours .

Other Melbourne tours include the Spirit of Melbourne dinner cruise and kayaking trips along the Yarra River .

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Aboriginal Bush Tucker Tour

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Event description

Walk with your First Nations guide through the Botanic Gardens to learn more about Indigenous bush foods and how these foods were used traditionally and adapted to the modern plate and palate.

On your one-hour tour, you’ll journey through the Cadi Jam Ora garden and learn about some of the hottest bush foods on the market right now, all while tasting some goodies for yourself!

And if you have a little more time, please enjoy a browse through our native bush foods selection at our lovely Garden Shop.

This tour runs in all weather.

When: Every Thursday, Friday and Saturday | 11:00 - 12:00pm (excluding public holidays)

Where: Meet outside the Garden Shop/Visitor Centre

Please be advised as per our terms and conditions:

A. Refunds, Cancellations and Booking Changes B. Online tickets • No refunds apply for cancellation of tickets purchased online. • A request for a date change can be made in writing no less than 48 hours prior to the program commencement time. Approval of a date change is at the discretion of the Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust. Please see our website for full  terms and conditions .

For any enquiries please contact us on [email protected]

View our privacy policy here

Tickets for good, not greed Humanitix dedicates 100% of profits from booking fees to charity

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Aboriginal Bush Tucker Tour

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Thursdays to Saturdays, 11am to 12pm Thursday 8 February to Saturday 30 March

Starting from : $20.00

Walk with your First Nations guide through the Royal Botanic Garden Sydney and learn more about Indigenous bush foods, how these foods were used traditionally and adapted to the modern plate and palate.

On your 1-hour tour, you’ll journey through the Cadi Jam Ora garden and learn about some of the hottest bush foods on the market right now, all while tasting some goodies for yourself!

Contact event organiser

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Alchemy of a rainforest exhibition, guided walks, the mad botanist: family adventure, nine artists, works on paper, canvas & wood, garden to canvas with charlotte thodey, ghostly garden tours, behind the scenes glasshouse tour, rainforest in a jar.

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Koorie Heritage Trust tour, Melbourne, Victoria © Archie Sartracom/Tourism Australia

Experience Aboriginal Culture in Melbourne

Immerse yourself in the history and modern culture of the Kulin nation with these experiences and guided Aboriginal tours right in the heart of Melbourne.

By Allie Metz

A city of incredible cultural diversity, Melbourne offers the chance for visitors to connect with people from all corners of the globe. It’s also home to a strong and close-knit Aboriginal community that is eager to share its stories. Discover these unique inner-city experiences for authentic insights into the living context and legacy of Australia’s First Peoples.

Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne Gardens - Aboriginal Heritage Walk

Aboriginal Heritage Walk, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne Gardens, Victoria

Attend the 'Deadly Funny' showcase during the Melbourne International Comedy Festival to hear from Australia's best Indigenous comedians.

Explore and experience  Melbourne's Royal Botanic Gardens on this cultural tour with an Aboriginal guide. The  Heritage Walk  provides a unique insight into the history of both the Gardens (ancestral lands of the Kulin nation) and its Traditional Owners. The tour includes a traditional smoking ceremony, a guided walk through the gardens and discussion about the traditional uses of plants as a source of food, tools and medicine. Your tour will finish with a delicious cup of lemon myrtle tea.

Koorie Heritage Trust cultural walk

Koorie Heritage Trust, Melbourne, Victoria © Archie Sartracom, Tourism Australia

An Aboriginal-owned and managed organisation, the  Koorie Heritage Trust  offers visitors to Melbourne an excellent opportunity to discover an authentic and immersive urban Aboriginal cultural experience. Start by exploring the Trust’s collection of art works and artefacts on display at their location in  Federation Square  before joining a guide for one of the  cultural walks . These historical and cultural tours will take you along the Birrarung (Yarra River) to explore beautiful art installations as well as significant sites that date back thousands of years.

Bunjilaka Aboriginal Cultural Centre

Bunjilaka Aboriginal Cultural Centre, Melbourne Museum, Victoria

Housed inside the Melbourne Museum,  Bunjilaka  presents the Koorie experience in an immersive and moving permanent exhibition, complete with interactive features for a self-guided tour. Be sure to visit the  Milarri Gardens  to discover plants significant to the First Peoples of Victoria. You can also watch eels being fed in the garden pond as guides discuss the history of this important food source for local people. The art space,  Birrarung Gallery , also features temporary and touring exhibitions about Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures.

Melbourne's hidden gems

Mabu Mabu Tuck Shop

About twenty minutes outside Melbourne's city centre you'll find Mabu Mabu Tuck Shop . Head chef and owner Nornie Bero, originally from Mer Island in the Torres Strait, creates dishes all about two things: generosity and flavour. The menu at Mabu Mabu perfectly blends Indigenous ingredients with contemporary cuisine, and you can even purchase a range of small batch native spices and tropical sauces to use at home. 

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Acknowledgement of Country

We acknowledge the Traditional Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Owners of the land, sea and waters of the Australian continent, and recognise their custodianship of culture and Country for over 60,000 years.

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*Product Disclaimer:  Tourism Australia is not the owner, operator, advertiser or promoter of the listed products and services. Information on listed products and services, including Covid-safe accreditations, are provided by the third-party operator on their website or as published on Australian Tourism Data Warehouse where applicable. Rates are indicative based on the minimum and maximum available prices of products and services. Please visit the operator’s website for further information. All prices quoted are in Australian dollars (AUD). Tourism Australia makes no representations whatsoever about any other websites which you may access through its websites such as australia.com. Some websites which are linked to the Tourism Australia website are independent from Tourism Australia and are not under the control of Tourism Australia. Tourism Australia does not endorse or accept any responsibility for the use of websites which are owned or operated by third parties and makes no representation or warranty in relation to the standard, class or fitness for purpose of any services, nor does it endorse or in any respect warrant any products or services by virtue of any information, material or content linked from or to this site.

Step out in Sydney/Warrane (wah-rang) and beyond in a whole new way .

Choose from Aboriginal experiences in Sydney/Warrane and across New South Wales, from the North Coast to Country NSW.

Expand your horizons

From an exhilarating bridge climb to an eye-opening guided walk around the Sydney Harbour foreshore, Aboriginal experiences in Sydney/Warrane reveal fascinating chapters of the city’s little-known past.

Pair culture with adventure

Love quad-biking? Or maybe you’re more of a paddleboarder? Adventurous Aboriginal touring options abound in New South Wales.

Experience Aboriginal ceremony

An immersive two-night experience on the New South Wales South Coast is just one of many Aboriginal experiences that invite you to experience the important role of ceremony in Aboriginal culture.

• Urban Culture Experiences
• Nature & Wildlife Experiences
• Immersive Journeys
• Exclusive Accommodation
• Culinary Experiences
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• Bush & Outback Adventures
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• Active Adventures
• Under 2 hours
• Multiple days

6km from Newcastle Airport

1-hour Quad Bike Adventure Tour

with Sand Dune Adventures

Feel the need for speed? Jump on a quad bike to zip around the immense Stockton Beach Sand Dunes, part of NSW’s Worimi Conservation Lands, with an Aboriginal guide.

1.5 hour Aboriginal Culture and Sand Boarding Quad Bike Tour

This experience is as much about cruising around Stockton Beach Sand Dunes on a quad bike as it is about learning about the Worimi people. Sandboarding a bonus.

1km from Sydney

Aboriginal Bush Tucker Tour

with The Royal Botanic Garden Sydney

Walk with your First Nations guide through the Cadi Jam Ora garden to discover Indigenous bush foods and learn how they were used traditionally – before sampling.

Aboriginal Harbour Heritage Tour

Join an experienced First Nations guide on a walking tour of the foreshore and discover the rich Gadigal heritage of the Royal Botanic Garden and Sydney Harbour.

11km from Wagga Wagga Airport

Aboriginal Special Places Tour

with Bundyi Cultural Tours

Look, smell, learn and immerse yourself in Wiradjuri culture as Mark Saddler shares his ancient Country and its many spectacular and significant sites.

Aboriginal Walkabout Tour

This leisurely walk around Wagga Wagga visits key Wiradjuri sites along the ancient Marrambidya Bila (Murrumbidgee River), where you may even meet the local wildlife.

2km from Sydney

Burrawa Aboriginal Climb Experience

with Burrawa Aboriginal Climb Experience

For a fascinating cultural perspective of an iconic landmark and its surrounds, summit the Sydney Harbour Bridge with an Indigenous storyteller guide.

100km from Sydney

Firescreek Aboriginal Storytelling and Wine Tasting Experience

with Firescreek Botanical Winery Aboriginal Experiences

Enjoy a taste of bush tucker, award-winning wines and traditional Aboriginal storytelling as an Aboriginal guide leads this memorable hands-on experience.

5km from Coffs Harbour Airport

Full-Day Cultural Tour: Paddle and Walk

with Wajaana Yaam Gumbaynggirr Adventure Tours

Combine a blissful stand-up paddleboarding tour with an insightful cultural walking tour, immersing you in Gumbaynggirr stories, language and bush tucker.

1.5km from Sydney

Ghurryungun – Welcome to Country

with Dreamtime Southern X

Be accepted into Sydney/Warrane’s heart with a smoking ceremony – an ancient Aboriginal ritual that invites the ancestors to guide and protect you on your journey.

Group Aboriginal Cultural Tour

Join an experienced Aboriginal guide on a tailored walking tour and discover the rich Aboriginal heritage, flora and fauna of the Royal Botanic Garden Sydney.

Illi-Langi – The Rocks Aboriginal Dreaming Tour

Feel the ancient heartbeat that pulses through Sydney/Warrane as your Aboriginal guide reveals the Dreamtime wisdoms embedded in and around the harbour.

Private Waranara First Nations Tour

with Australian Museum

Journey through the cultures, history and objects of Aboriginal Australia on a private tour as your First Nations guide weaves in personal tales of their own experiences.

80km from Coffs Harbour Airport

Stand-up Paddleboarding Tour

Learn all about Gumbaynggirr Country while paddling the waterways of the Coffs Coast’s Solitary Islands Marine Park. Three locations reveal different stories.

Taste of Wiradjuri Cultural Tour

Visit Kengal and more sacred sites as your Aboriginal guide, Mark Saddler, shares his knowledge of Wiradjuri life and language, and serves up a barbecue lunch.

Waranara First Nations Tour

Immerse yourself in the museum’s intriguing First Nations collection, as your Indigenous guide shares personal cultural insights along the way (Wednesdays only).

Wiradjuri Culture and Winery Private Tour

On this intimate tour you’ll learn about Wiradjuri culture, visit a brewery and a goldmine, and enjoy an exclusive lunch and wine-tasting.

Wiradjuri Motorcycle Tour - Full Day

Explore Wiradjuri culture on a full-day guided motorcycle tour around Wagga Wagga. Visit sites, learn, and enjoy an exclusive winery visit with lunch.

Wiradjuri Motorcycle Tour - Half Day

Discover Wiradjuri culture on a half-day motorcycle tour in Wagga Wagga. Explore sites, learn about culture, and connect with the Wiradjuri people.

4.5km from Sydney

Wyanga Malu – Tour by Coach

Explore Sydney/Warrane with Aboriginal guides and discover five sacred sites hidden in plain sight, including ancient rock engravings.

58km from Moruya Airport

Yuin Retreat

with Ngaran Ngaran Culture Awareness

Discover Dreaming stories of Djirringanj Country, the heart of the Yuin Nation. Experience ceremonies, guided walks, healing sessions, Aboriginal dining and more.

28 Experiences around

Sydney > Cairns (2hrs 50mins)

15 Experiences around

Uluru & Alice Springs

Sydney > Uluru & Alice Springs (2hrs 50mins)

41 Experiences around

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Sydney > Melbourne (1hr 25mins)

19 Experiences around

Sydney > Perth (4hrs 15mins)

31 Experiences around

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1 Experiences around

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Hobart & Launceston

Sydney > Hobart & Launceston (1hr 50mins)

13 Aug 2024

Aboriginal Dining Experiences that Elevate Native Produce

by Natasha Dragun

For Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities around Australia, the bush is a veritable supermarket – if you know where to look.

15 Aug 2024

Traditional Aboriginal Healing: The Ancient Art of Wellness

Think wellness is protein shakes, superfoods, day spas and mindfulness? Aboriginal cultures put another spin on what we perceive as a modern trend.

Step into Nature's Pharmacy on an Aboriginal Tour

Being amid nature makes you feel good – we’ve known it for centuries, and today science proves it. But for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities, it heals in more ways in one, with many native Australian plants packed with medicinal qualities that will cure what ails you.

29 July 2024

lutruwita/Tasmania

In the footsteps of the palawa on Tasmania/lutruwita's wukalina Walk

Tasmania’s/lutruwita’s Indigenous-owned tourism offering, wukalina Walk takes trekkers around a postcard-perfect patch of the state’s northeast. And if you needed extra incentive to try the experience, it has just been listed on TIME’s World’s Greatest Places List for 2024. Here’s what to expect.

17 May 2024

Starry Nights: Aboriginal tours that offer overnight immersion

Daytime visits to Australia’s most culturally significant sites inspire when you’re in the company of an Aboriginal guide, but multi-day trips can take your experience to the next level. Here are just some of the Discover Aboriginal Experiences’ that take you on an overnight adventure. By Natasha Dragun

Exclusive places you can only visit with an Aboriginal guide

As vast and open as Australia is, pockets of the country are inaccessible because their sacred status requires they be visited only with an Aboriginal guide. This not only offers exclusivity, but also takes you on an immersive journey into Indigenous histories and cultures, with insights that reveal just how wide, wonderful and ancient Australia really is. By Natasha Dragun

5 uniquely Australian experiences for culture-loving couples

Date night in Australia isn’t limited to dinner and a movie. If you’re looking to spice things up, grab your partner and try one of these experiences spotlighting Indigenous cultures. By Natasha Dragun

How to explore Queensland in, on and beside the water – with Indigenous guides

From the Great Barrier Reef to Mossman Gorge, much of life in Queensland revolves around the water. The state’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island communities reveal their strong connections to the state’s rivers, waterfalls, oceans and inlets.

3 unexpected Aboriginal experiences in Queensland

Spanning immense distances and ecosystems – from the Torres Strait Islands at the top of the state to the outback, rainforest and reef – Queensland’s Indigenous cultures are diverse. Needless to say, the experiences you can have on Country are eye-opening, and often unexpected. By Natasha Dragun

15 Apr 2024

Discover Australia’s newest World Heritage Site

Australia’s newest World Heritage Site reveals the 6,600-year-old ingenuity of the Gunditjmara people. By Natasha Dragun

Issue seven of Connect to Country out now

In this edition we feature a new luxury Tiwi Islands Escape and highlight some of the incredible Aboriginal-led experiences available in Broome. We highlight movie locations where you can learn some older, epic tales from the Traditional Owners of the land and then take the plunge into some special swimming spots, where culture and heritage collide.

Discover Aboriginal Experiences launches 4 member case studies on sustainable tourism for Earth Day 2024

A collective of quality, authentic, Aboriginal-guided tourism offerings, Discover Aboriginal Experiences (DAE) is delighted to launch four case studies on collective members going to extraordinary lengths when it comes to sustainable tourism, whether that relates to protecting the environment, community, culture – or all three.

23 Jan 2024

How to experience regenerative travel on an Aboriginal tour

More than ever, tourists are conscious of the impact their presence has on the landscapes they visit – particularly when they’re travelling to fragile, far-flung environments. Welcome to ‘regenerative travel’, the concept of leaving a place better than you found it and the next step in sustainable travel.

22 Feb 2023

Understanding Aboriginal etiquette

by Fleur Bainger

Did you know it’s impolite in Aboriginal cultures to look someone directly in the eye? Or that shaking hands isn’t always the done thing? How about that it’s taboo for women to play the didgeridoo?

Meet the women leading the Aboriginal tourism charge

Much of the growth in Aboriginal cultural tourism has happened in the years since Sydney/Warrane hosted the 2000 Summer Olympic Games, and many credit Aunty Margret Campbell with spearheading the movement. An Elder from New South Wales’ Dunghutti-Jerrinja Nation, Margret has seen a huge shift in awareness over the last two decades.

Discover Aboriginal Experiences launches exciting trade and media offerings

Journalists and trade can take a deep dive into the DAE collective via the freshly launched 2024 Discover Aboriginal Experiences Media Kit, which contains a comprehensive portfolio of stories and ideas to inspire features and offer insights into Australia’s rich history and the world’s oldest living cultures.

Discover Aboriginal Experiences welcomes five new members

From Broome in Western Australia to a World Heritage-listed site in Victoria, the five newest members in the Discover Aboriginal Experiences portfolio offer a range of eye-opening experiences lasting from a few hours to a few days.

26 Sept 2023

Uluru Kata Tjuta National Park

Seeing Uluru in a new light

We were there when Wintjiri Wiru launched in May this year, and enjoyed a fascinating panel discussion about the show.

23 June 2023

Meet our newest member: Mandingalbay Authentic Indigenous Tours

From Cairns in Tropical North Queensland, Indigenous rangers take guests on an immersive ride to explore this country through Aboriginal eyes.

5 globally sought-after travel experiences elevated by Aboriginal guides

Australia lays claim to a world-renowned suite of tourism experiences. But it’s not as well known that many of these bucket-list activities can be experienced with an Aboriginal guide.

Uncover the deep cultural significance of Aboriginal place names

For more than 65,000 years, Aboriginal place names have carried knowledge passed down through generations. They’re symbolic of the Indigenous relationships to, and appreciation for, the land and water.

4 surprising facts about Aboriginal travel experiences

Australia is home to some of the world’s most outstanding Indigenous tourism experiences, but many are still relatively unknown to travellers, at home and abroad.

Stay in the loop

Frequently asked questions.

The name of the collective was informed by the strong international recognition of the term ‘Aboriginal’ and its association with Australia, though all references to Aboriginal peoples on the Discover Aboriginal Experiences website should be assumed to include Torres Strait Islander peoples where relevant.

Aboriginal Australia is made up of dozens of different 'Nations’, each with their own culture, customs, language and laws. This means that no two Aboriginal experiences are the same, so you’re guaranteed to learn something new on each and every tour, from ancient sustainability practices to cultural stories linked to the local landscape.  

There’s also an incredible diversity of Aboriginal experiences to choose from. Whether you prefer relaxed walking tours, or an exhilarating quad-biking adventure is more your style, Aboriginal tour options come in all shapes and sizes, and last from less than an hour to multiple days.

The Australian outback is well known for its Aboriginal experiences, but you don’t have to go bush, as we say in Australia, to get a taste of Aboriginal cultures. Aboriginal experiences are available all over the country, all year round, including in major cities.

Aboriginal experiences offer fantastic opportunities for families of all kinds to learn together and bond, with many experiences including hands-on activities young ones will love.  

Aboriginal guides are warm, welcoming and extremely generous of spirit. They are also incredible storytellers, with a knack for bringing landscapes to life through evocative tales bound to enthral kids big and small.

Cultural exchange is at the heart of Aboriginal experiences, with questions welcomed on all tours. Your guides may not always have the answers, but no questions are off-limits if posed respectfully.

Remember to ask permission before taking photographs of Aboriginal people or cultural sites.

Simply search for tours on the Discover Aboriginal Experiences website, then click through to book directly with the operator.

Many Aboriginal operators are equipped to cater to guests with restricted mobility and other special needs. Most companies also offer private tours that can be tailored to your needs; enquire directly with the operators.

Tours and experiences offered by Discover Aboriginal Experiences operators are continually evolving. Contact operators directly for more information about their current offerings.

Check with your operator for specifics, but if your tour is outdoors, comfortable walking shoes, adequate drinking water and sun protection are essential. A willingness to listen, learn and have fun will serve you well on any Aboriginal tour.

The Australian Government no longer requires international travellers to provide proof of COVID-19 vaccination status to enter Australia. Some Discover Aboriginal Experiences operators may have COVID-19 health requirements of their own; contact operators directly to check.

Discover Aboriginal Experiences is a collective of quality, authentic Aboriginal guided tourism experiences showcasing the world’s oldest living cultures. 

This flagship suite of extraordinary Aboriginal experiences is part of Tourism Australia’s Signature Experiences of Australia program that promotes outstanding and inspiring experiences that capture the very essence of Australia.

An Aussie Specialist has the knowledge and experience to help you plan and book an Aboriginal-guided tour as part of your trip to Australia. Search for a travel agent here  .

The role of botanic gardens as resource and introduction centres in the face of global change

• Original Paper
• Published: 26 January 2010
• Volume 20 , pages 221–239, ( 2011 )

Cite this article

• Vernon H. Heywood 1  

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One of the consequences of global change, especially demographic and climatic, will be a demand for novel plant germplasm of all kinds suited to the new ecoclimatic conditions predicted and plant introduction will assume a new importance. As a consequence, botanic gardens will face an unprecedented opportunity to regain their role as introduction centres and become major actors in the assessment of new germplasm, both of ornamentals as well as other economically important plants. Plant introduction has remained largely unchanged over the past 400 years and is as often ad hoc , poorly organized and insufficiently collaborative, but if it is to meet the needs of today’s situation it needs to be overhauled. In particular: (1) the basis of plant introduction needs to be broadened; (2) closer cooperation with agricultural genebanks should be established; (3) agreement should be reached between botanic gardens and the agricultural sector on their respective responsibilities (4) the quality and sampling of the accessions should be more strictly controlled; (5) proper evaluation of the introductions before they are disseminated; (6) information on the accessions of introduced plants and their fate needs to be more effectively maintained and disseminated; and (7) full cognizance should be taken of policies to protect against invasive species and care should be taken to evaluate the risks that new introductions might represent. Finally, consideration should be given to preparing a set of guidelines or even a code of conduct for plant introductions by botanic gardens in association with other agencies.

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It is worth noting that this was not the first botanic garden in the Western Hemisphere as sometimes stated— that honour goes to a medicinal garden attributed to Dr Lawrence Bohun, Physician General of Virginia in 1610, followed by that begin by John Bartram near Philadelphia in 1728 and still in existence today and the Linnean Botanic Garden also at Philadelphia in 1730.

Introduction to the Plant Introduction Scheme of the Botanical Garden of the University of British Columbia (PISBG) http://www.ubcbotanicalgarden.org/research/industry/intro_to_pisbg.php .

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Folk ( 1966 ) gives a detailed discussion of the various often conflicting uses of the term acclimatization. As noted by Mazess ( 1975 ) there has been a tendency to use it in the sense of adjustments made by a species over the course of several generations. This is effectively synonymous with ‘genetic adaptation’ as a result of natural selection and contrasts with the earlier idea of acclimatization being the adjustment of an individual organism to its environment. It is this latter usage that Mazess recommends although the nature and extent of such adjustment remains a subject that needs further consideration.

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Heywood, V.H. The role of botanic gardens as resource and introduction centres in the face of global change. Biodivers Conserv 20 , 221–239 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-010-9781-5

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Received : 20 August 2009

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Published : 26 January 2010

Issue Date : February 2011

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-010-9781-5

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